Shingles is an infection that results from the varicella-zoster virus. This is the same virus that causes chickenpox. Shingles occurs when a person who has previously had chickenpox experiences a reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus.
Shingles pain and other symptoms typically develop in stages over the course of several weeks. These stages tend to have a somewhat predictable pattern and duration.
This article outlines the symptoms of shingles and provides a timeline of pain stages. It also provides information on treating and preventing shingles and discusses when to contact a doctor.
The characteristic symptom of shingles is a painful rash.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), shingles rashes most commonly form as a stripe on one side of the body.
Some common areas for these rashes to appear include:
People who have weakened immune systems may develop a widespread rash that resembles chickenpox.
In addition to a blistering rash, a person may develop the following symptoms:
Shingles pain typically progresses in predictable stages. The sections below outline the typical timeline for shingles pain.
In medical terms, the prodromal stage is the stage between the initial appearance of symptoms and the full development of symptoms.
The prodromal stage for shingles may last anywhere from 1–5 days.
During this stage, a person may experience the following:
Shingles rashes typically change from a red rash to fluid-filled blisters within a matter of days. The blisters typically begin to crust over within 7–10 days of forming.
In most cases, the scabs heal within 2 weeks.
Postherpetic neuralgia refers to pain that persists once the shingles rash has cleared. About 10–18% of people experience postherpetic neuralgia, which may continue for several months to years after the infection.
Postherpetic neuralgia typically occurs in the same area the rash appeared.
It may lead to other complications, such as:
Postherpetic neuralgia is more common among older individuals.
Shingles can last for up to 5 weeks. Below is a more precise timeline of shingles symptoms:
In some cases, shingles can cause severe complications, such as:
Although there is currently no cure for shingles, antiviral medications can help shorten the duration of the infection. These medications are most effective during the early stages of the infection, so a person should contact a doctor as soon as they begin to develop an unexplained rash.
Some antiviral medications that can help treat shingles include:
A doctor may also recommend over-the-counter (OTC) or prescription pain medications.
Some home treatments may help alleviate pain and itchiness.
In addition to OTC pain medications, the CDC recommends the following topical treatments for pain and itch relief:
The National Institute on Aging provides the following lifestyle recommendations for people with shingles pain and discomfort:
Getting the shingles vaccine can help prevent shingles. This vaccine is available to healthy adults over the age of 50 years.
Healthcare professionals administer the vaccine in two doses. A person should receive the second dose around 2–6 months after the first.
People should consider getting the shingles vaccine if they meet one or more of the following criteria:
Not everyone is a suitable candidate for the shingles vaccine. For example, a person who has an active case of shingles or an allergy to the vaccine or any of its ingredients should not get the vaccine.
Another key way to prevent shingles is by preventing chickenpox through getting the varicella vaccine. The CDC states that this vaccine is especially important for the following groups of people aged 13 years and above:
Learn more about the link between shingles and chickenpox here.
A person should contact a primary care doctor as soon as an unusual rash develops, particularly if the rash develops on one side of the body or follows a tingling sensation.
A person should also talk with a doctor if their symptoms do not improve within a few weeks or if they develop additional complications.
Shingles is an infection that develops due to the varicella-zoster virus. This is the same virus that causes chickenpox. The primary symptom of shingles is a painful rash. Other possible symptoms include fever, headache, and nausea.
Shingles symptoms typically follow a predictable pattern of development that begins with tingling skin on one side of the body and progresses to a painful rash and fluid-filled blisters. Some people may go on to develop postherpetic neuralgia, which refers to pain that persists after the rash has cleared.
A shingles infection typically resolves within a few weeks. Antiviral medications can help shorten the duration of the infection, while OTC pain medications and home remedies can help provide symptom relief.
Last medically reviewed on November 28, 2021
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